How do Perms Work: Exploring the Science Behind the Styling Technique

When it comes to achieving long-lasting curls or waves, many people turn to perms. Perming is a popular hair styling technique that has been around for decades, helping people achieve the desired texture and style. But have you ever wondered how perms work? In this article, we will explore the science behind the perming process and answer some common questions related to this styling technique.

What is a perm, and how does it work?

A perm, short for permanent wave, is a hair treatment that involves chemically altering the structure of the hair to create curls or waves that last for several months. During a perm, the hairstylist applies a solution, typically containing ammonium thioglycolate or Cysteamine, to break the disulfide bonds in the hair shafts. Once the bonds are broken, the hair is wrapped around perm rods of various sizes and the solution is applied again to reform the broken bonds, which allows the hair to take on the shape of the rods.

What are the different types of perms?

There are various types of perms available, each creating a different curl or wave pattern. The most common types include:

1. Classic Perms: These perms create tight, bouncy curls that are reminiscent of the styles popular in the ’80s.
2. Body Wave Perms: This type of perm creates loose, subtle waves, adding volume and movement to the hair.
3. Spiral Perms: As the name suggests, spiral perms create tight, corkscrew-like curls that start at the root and go all the way to the ends of the hair strands.
4. Beach Wave Perms: As the name implies, beach wave perms give a natural, tousled look similar to the waves you would get after a day at the beach.

How long do perms last?

Perms are designed to be semi-permanent, meaning they last for a few months before gradually fading away. The duration of a perm largely depends on the individual’s hair type, quality, and how well they take care of their curls. On average, a perm can last anywhere between three to six months.

Can you get a perm on color-treated or damaged hair?

It is generally not recommended to get a perm on severely damaged or overly processed hair, as the combination of chemicals used can further weaken the hair shaft. However, if the hair is in relatively good condition and has been color-treated, it is possible to get a perm. It’s crucial to consult with a professional stylist who can assess the hair’s health and determine the best course of action.

How should I care for my perm?

To maintain the health and longevity of your perm, it’s essential to follow a few guidelines. Avoid washing your hair for at least 48 hours after getting a perm to allow the curls to set. Use sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners designed for curly hair to prevent excessive dryness and frizz. Additionally, using heat styling tools sparingly and protecting your hair from excessive sun exposure will help preserve your perm.

Perms have come a long way since their inception, offering individuals with various hair types and textures the opportunity to embrace beautiful curls or waves. Now that you understand the science behind the process, you can make an informed decision about getting a perm and enjoy the stunning hairstyles that it can create. Remember to consult with a professional stylist to get the best results possible and maintain the health of your hair.

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